Knock-out, knock-down and knock-sideways

In genetics and molecular biology there are differences between the terms knock-out, knock-down and (the lesser known term) knock-sideways.

Knock-sideways: Inactivates proteins. Could be done using small molecule inhibitors.

Knock-out: Gene removal, no gene expression. Could be done using CRISPR.

Knock-down: Gene expression is reduced. Could be done using interference RNA.

(Another reference for Knock-sideways:

"Importantly, the rapidity of the “knock-sideways” system allowed the researchers to observe a phenotype distinct from siRNA-mediated knockdown of the same protein...")

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